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Compare Saint Helena (2001) - Western Sahara (2001)

Compare Saint Helena (2001) z Western Sahara (2001)

 Saint Helena (2001)Western Sahara (2001)
 Saint HelenaWestern Sahara
Administrative divisions 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha* none (under de facto control of Morocco)
Age structure 0-14 years:
19.08% (male 699; female 687)

15-64 years:
71.72% (male 2,711; female 2,500)

65 years and over:
9.2% (male 286; female 383) (2001 est.)		 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%
Agriculture - products corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha) fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads)
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 11 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total:
410 sq km

land:
410 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes St. Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands		 total:
266,000 sq km

land:
266,000 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC about the size of Colorado
Background Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, St. Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station. Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 cease-fire; a referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed and is not expected to occur until at least 2002.
Birth rate 13.49 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$11.2 million

expenditures:
$11 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92)		 revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital Jamestown none
Climate Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena) hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew
Coastline 60 km 1,110 km
Constitution 1 January 1989 -
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Saint Helena		 conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Western Sahara

former:
Spanish Sahara
Currency Saint Helenian pound (SHP) Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Death rate 6.33 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $NA $NA
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) none
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) none
Disputes - international none claimed and administered by Morocco, but sovereignty is unresolved and the UN is attempting to hold a referendum on the issue; the UN-administered cease-fire has been in effect since September 1991
Economic aid - recipient $12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997) $NA
Economy - overview The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK. Western Sahara, a territory poor in natural resources and lacking sufficient rainfall, depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. Most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Incomes and standards of living are substantially below the Moroccan level.
Electricity - consumption 5.6 million kWh (1999) 83.7 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 6 million kWh (1999) 90 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m		 lowest point:
Sebjet Tah -55 m

highest point:
unnamed location 463 m
Environment - current issues NA sparse water and lack of arable land
Environment - international agreements - party to:
none of the selected agreements

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25% Arab, Berber
Exchange rates Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6047 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 10.590 (January 2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527 (1997), 8.716 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

head of government:
Governor and Commander in Chief David HOLLAMBY (since NA June 1999)

cabinet:
Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch		 none
Exports $704,000 (f.o.b., 1995) $NA
Exports - commodities fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts phosphates 62%
Exports - partners South Africa, UK Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship -
GDP purchasing power parity - $18 million (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
40%-45% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate NA% NA%
Geographic coordinates 15 56 S, 5 42 W 24 30 N, 13 00 W
Geography - note harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns -
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total:
158 km (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)

paved:
138 km (Saint Helena 98km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)

unpaved:
NA km 20 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)		 total:
6,200 km

paved:
1,350 km

unpaved:
4,850 km (1991 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports $14.434 million (c.i.f., 1995) $NA
Imports - commodities food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs
Imports - partners UK, South Africa Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing phosphate mining, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate 22.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.2% (1997 est.) NA%
International organization participation ICFTU none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court -
Labor force 3,500 (1998 est.)

note:
1,200 of whom are working offshore		 12,000
Labor force - by occupation agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.) animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50%
Land boundaries 0 km total:
2,046 km

border countries:
Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
Land use arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
6%

other:
82% (1993 est.)		 arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
19%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
81%
Languages English Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
Legal system NA -
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (15 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 July 1997 (next to be held NA August 2001)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
77.01 years

male:
74.13 years

female:
80.04 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 20 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
97%

female:
98% (1987 est.)		 definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about mid-way between South America and Africa Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
Military branches - NA
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926) -
Nationality noun:
Saint Helenian(s)

adjective:
Saint Helenian		 noun:
Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)

adjective:
Sahrawian, Sahraouian
Natural hazards active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility
Natural resources fish phosphates, iron ore
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders none -
Political pressure groups and leaders none none
Population 7,266 (July 2001 est.) 250,559 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.72% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun)
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 3,000 (1997) 56,000 (1997)
Railways 0 km 0 km
Religions Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic Muslim
Sex ratio at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.08 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.75 male(s)/female

total population:
1.04 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage NA years of age none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign has yet to be completed
Telephone system general assessment:
can communicate with any place in the world

domestic:
automatic network

international:
HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK ; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)		 general assessment:
sparse and limited system

domestic:
NA

international:
tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco
Telephones - main lines in use 2,000 (1997) about 2,000 (1999 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1997) 0 (1999)
Television broadcast stations 0 (1997) NA
Terrain Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains

note:
the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin		 mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
Total fertility rate 1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Unemployment rate 14% (1998 est.) NA%
Waterways none none
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